Gate valves control flow by raising or lowering a gate (a wedge-shaped disc) inside the valve body. When the gate is fully raised, it allows maximum flow, and when fully lowered, it shuts off flow completely. The position of the gate can be adjusted to control the flow rate.

Butterfly valves have a disk-shaped closure element (the "butterfly") that pivots about an axis perpendicular to the direction of flow. By rotating the butterfly, the flow passage can be opened or closed partially, allowing for flow rate control.

Needle valves have a long, tapered needle-like plunger that fits into a narrow orifice. By adjusting the position of the needle using a screw mechanism, the size of the opening can be controlled, thus regulating flow.

These are specialized valves designed specifically for controlling flow rate. They often include a mechanism such as a diaphragm, piston, or spring-loaded mechanism that responds to changes in pressure or flow conditions to automatically adjust the valve opening and maintain a desired flow rate.